Keywords: Volga-Ural Muslims, Tatars, Bashkirs, Islam, ulama/scholars, imperial Russia, Rizaeddin bin Fahreddin, Asar. As such, they served as the glue that held Volga - Ural Muslims together in a shared world, a regional Muslim domain, and they integrated this regional community of believers further into a transregional Muslim domain. Some of them also engaged in a broader network of Islamic scholars that extended primarily from Transoxiana to the Ottoman territories. Studies and History through the region as village imams, they maintained these connections through kinship ties, letters, Sufi associations,Īnd theological debates. As Mustafa Tuna they traveled, they forged lasting connections with other Duke Umversity, students and scholars. This population of agricultural peasants and seasonal nomads rarely ventured beyond the vicinity of their villages or market towns, but scholars traveled extensively to pursue knowledge. In the absence of a politically active nobility, Islamic scholars kept the region's Muslim inhabitants connected as a larger community. When Russian forces occupied the Volga-Ural region in the sixteenth century, they nearly eliminated the local Muslim nobility. THAT HELD VOLGA-URAL MUSLIMS Mustafa Tuna As such, they served as the glue that held Volga-Ural Muslims together in a shared world, a regional Muslim domain, and they integrated this regional community of believers further into a transregional Muslim domain. When they graduated and dispersed through the region as village imams, they maintained these connections through kinship ties, letters, Sufi associations, and theological debates. As they traveled, they forged lasting connections with other students and scholars. This population of agricultural peasants and seasonal nomads rarely ventured beyond the vicinity of their villages - or market towns, but scholars traveled extensively to pursue knowledge. In the absence of a politically active nobility, Islamic scholarskeptthe regions Muslim inhabitants connected as a larger community.
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